The Military provides a huge range of educational opportunities to service members to study before, during and after their military commitment and there are several military programs that help service members pay for college. In most cases, such as the Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (ROTC), recruits commit to a period of service in exchange for full or partial financial assistance for their education (e.g., a scholarship). The average commitment is four years on Active Duty, plus four years in the Individual Ready Reserve (this means you are not actively serving but could be called back, if necessary).

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• Before military service
• During military service
• After military service

Before Military Service

Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC)

Founded in 1916, ROTC is offered at more than 1,700 colleges and universities across the United States and allows young adults to earn degrees while also receiving training to become military officers.

The Army, Marine Corps, Navy, Air Force and Space Force each offer their own ROTC programs, complete with their own curriculum. While each Service branch is unique, there can be an overlap of some subjects and courses taught in their ROTC programs. The Coast Guard doesn’t offer ROTC, but they do have a College Student Pre-Commissioning Initiative (CSPI) scholarship program for college sophomores and juniors. 

In exchange for partially or fully paid college educations and guaranteed post-college careers as officers, ROTC students commit to a period of military service after graduation. This is generally four years of active duty, followed by four years in the Individual Ready Reserve (IRR) (this means they are not actively serving but could be called back, if necessary). For those who enter the Reserve or National Guard, the service commitment is six years of active duty and two years of IRR.

ROTC scholarship levels and their respective benefits vary according to programs offered by a particular college or university, but may include:

• 100% tuition and fees coverage (dependent on merit and grades)
• Room and board costs (for qualifying cases)
• Personal expenses of $300 to $500 a month, per school year, depending on the cadet’s year in the ROTC program
• $1,200 per year for books

To qualify for an ROTC scholarship, students must maintain a 2.5 grade point average (GPA) in both high school and college. They must also be at least 17 years of age, pass their selected Service branch’s physical fitness test, and have scored at least 19 on the ACT or 920 on the SAT.

Military Career Stories: From ROTC to Surface Operations Officer

Students can join ROTC for a limited trial period (typically three semesters) and still benefit from the leadership skills taught in the program. However, only those who enlist and make a service commitment can receive a scholarship or other financial benefits related to their education.

Each Service branch also offers multiweek summer training programs designed to introduce and reinforce leadership skills and values that are taught during an ROTC program. These programs vary by component. More information is available in the links below.

• Army ROTC Cadet Summer Training (CST)  
• Navy ROTC Summer Cruise
• Air Force ROTC Professional Development Trainings (PDT)

Junior Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (JROTC)

For high school students, the Junior Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (JROTC) provides an opportunity to learn about leadership roles and better understand the responsibilities and privileges of U.S. citizenship. 

In 1964, Congress expanded the Army JROTC to include all branches: Marine Corps, Navy, Air Force and Coast Guard. They also modified the program so that coursework is taught by retired Army, Marine Corps, Navy and Coast Guard officers and enlisted personnel. 

The Coast Guard announced early this year that it will expand its JROTC program by adding four new units for the 2023-2024 school year, bringing the national total to 10.  

Some schools also grant credits for core subjects taught in JROTC programs. Note that ROTC programs do not require enrollment in JROTC, and there is no requirement to enlist in the Military after JROTC participation.

To learn more, you can contact each Service branch for additional JROTC information.

Military Career Stories: Taking Charge in the JROTC (Today’s Military)

Service Academies and Senior Military Colleges

Students who would like to experience a military environment while getting an education should be aware of the opportunities that a Senior Military College (SMC) or Service academy can offer. They are widely respected and provide first-class instruction.

Service academies offer full four-year scholarships, and SMCs offer financial aid packages for eligible students. Both also offer pay for books, board and medical and dental care. In exchange for such benefits, graduates become commissioned officers and are required to uphold a service obligation of a minimum of five years. Those who attend SMCs can choose whether or not they want to serve, but recipients of ROTC scholarships will be required to serve after graduation.

Service Academies and Senior Military Colleges (Today's Military)

During Military Service

Tuition Support

Tuition Support provides service members the opportunity to enroll in courses at accredited colleges, universities, junior colleges and vocational-technical schools. Each Service branch has unique programs that can help with tuition for anything from professional certifications to a graduate degree. To qualify, there are usually conditional requirements, such as having a minimum time remaining on your service contract and a cap on credit hours (or dollars) per year. Some programs also require that you attend a school from a designated list.

Paying for College (Today's Military)

Testing Programs

The Military administers tests that can earn you college credit for skills you've acquired during military training and operations. The College Level Equivalency Program (CLEP) exam and Defense Activity for Non-traditional Education Support (DANTES) tests are available to all active-duty, Guard and Reserve personnel. The testing is available at a discount and is divided up into the following:

• CLEP Exams: Most tests are designed to replace one-semester courses, but some correspond to full-year or two-year courses. There are 33 exams that fall into five categories: composition and literature, world languages, history and social sciences, science and mathematics, and business. For every one of these exams that you pass, you receive three hours of college credit, though six or 12 hours are also possible. Passing just one CLEP subject exam can save you hundreds of dollars on college courses and countless hours.
• DANTES Subject Standardized Test (DSST): The DSST program is a series of examinations in various college subjects. Similar to CLEP exams, passing a DSST also earns you college credit.

CLEP exam

DANTES tests 

Community College of the Air Force (CCAF)

The Community College of the Air Force (CCAF) is an accredited two-year college open to enlisted Airmen. The CCAF offers nearly 71 different associate degree programs in many scientific and technical fields including computer science technology, avionic systems technology, air and space operations technology, allied health sciences, paralegal services, information management and more.

Every CCAF degree requires courses in your technical job specialty, leadership/management/military studies, general education and physical education. You can accumulate credits while you're on active duty at Air Force technical training schools and when you enroll in colleges near your duty station that offer accredited courses. Enlisted members of the Air National Guard and Air Force Reserve are also eligible to participate in the CCAF. The school also awards credit for exams offered by DANTES, CLEP and the Defense Language Institute.

CCAF (official site)

Military School Credits

You can potentially earn college credits simply by completing Basic Training, otherwise known as "boot camp."

After Basic Training, the advanced job training the Military gives you—sometimes called "A" school or Advanced Individual Training (AIT) —can also count for college credit. In short, you can earn college credit as you receive training for your military assignment.

The American Council on Education (ACE) regularly visits many military schools to grant accreditation. Note that not every military school is accredited. Be sure to ask a recruiter whether the school that would train you offers college credits, and if so, which specific courses offer them.

ACE military guide

ACE military guide FAQ

Certification Programs

If your military training school doesn't offer college credit, it may offer certification in a specialized technical field instead. Many national trade associations recognize military certification tests. So, if you choose not to re-enlist, passing a certification exam helps you transition to your civilian career right away, without having to go through a long training period at lower pay.

Certification testing is available in the fields of automotive, computing, electronics, management, broadcast engineering, emergency medical technician, medical technology and food preparation, among many others. Ask a recruiter for details about certification.

COOL credentials for our Military

Loan Repayment Programs

The Army and Navy offer loan repayment programs that help enlisted personnel pay off college loans accrued prior to service. While each program has unique processes and requirements, they're all enlistment incentives designed to help recent college graduates manage education debt. Make sure to ask a recruiter about eligibility requirements to see if you qualify.

Paying for College (Today's Military)

After Military Service

Post-9/11 GI Bill

The Post-9/11 GI Bill is the most comprehensive education-benefits package since the original GI Bill was signed into law back in 1944. Veterans who have served after Sept. 10, 2001, and all new active-duty service members are eligible for the enhanced package. The new bill also gives Reserve and Guard members who have been activated for more than 90 days since 9/11 the same benefits.

Different factors play into how much each service member receives from the Post-9/11 GI Bill. These factors include:

• College tuition and fees payment
• Housing allowance
• Allowance for books and supplies ($1,000 per year)

The actual benefit amount varies based on a service member's total length of service. However, these benefits are payable for up to 15 years following a member's honorable discharge or retirement from service. So, you can use them right away, or save them for later—it's your choice.

In addition, the Department of Defense offers the option of sharing these benefits with family members. A service member can choose to transfer all or part of his or her earned benefits to a wife, husband or child (including stepchildren).

Post-9/11 GI Bill (Veterans Affairs)

The GI Bill Kicker

With the exception of the Coast Guard, each Service branch has college fund programs; however, the incentives and amount received vary with each branch. These programs are offered to service members when they first join the Military. Two mandatory qualifications:

• You must have a high school diploma.
• You must be enrolled in the Post-9/11 GI Bill.

Depending on your Service, test scores and occupation, there may also be additional requirements. Talk to a recruiter to find out if you are eligible and to ask for an application.